Current Concepts in Early Mobilization of Critically Ill Patients Within the Context of Neurologic Pathology.

Neurocritical patients (NCPs) in the intensive care unit (ICU) rapidly progress to respiratory and peripheral muscle dysfunctions, which significantly impact morbidity and death. Early mobilization in NCPs to decrease the incidence of ICU-acquired weakness has been showing rapid growth, although pertinent literature is still scarce. With this review, we summarize and discuss current concepts in early mobilization of critically ill patients within the context of neurologic pathology in NCPs. A narrative synthesis of literature was undertaken trying to answer the following questions: How do the respiratory and musculoskeletal systems in NCPs behave? Which metabolic biomarkers influence physiological responses in NCPs? Which considerations should be taken when prescribing exercises in neurocritically ill patients? The present review detected safety, feasibility, and beneficial response for early mobilization in NCPs, given successes in other critically ill populations and many smaller intervention trials in neurocritical care. However, precautions should be taken to elect the patient for early care, as well as monitoring signs that indicate interruption for intervention, as worse outcomes were associated with very early mobilization in acute stroke trials.

The Microemulsion with Solubilization of the Ethanolic Extract of the Leaves of Melão-de-São-Caetano (Momordica charantia) and Antibacterial Action.

Extracts obtained from plants have significantly contributed to the creation of new drugs due to their medicinal properties, which are provided by the presence of bioactive components. This has led to a growing interest from the pharmaceutical industry in using this type of extract for the creation of increasingly advanced medications. The main components sought are antibacterial agents from sustainable and renewable sources, whether of animal or vegetable origin or derived from other natural components. Tissues become a source of microbial proliferation, especially when in contact with the human body, which can cause serious diseases. In line with this, the goal of this research was to create an antibacterial Melon-de-São-Caetano (Momordica charantia) leaf microemulsion for application on material surfaces. This microemulsified system is an effective alternative for solubilizing functional agents, and being thermodynamically stable, it is efficient for long-term use. For this study, an extract of Momordica charantia leaves (EMC) was obtained, and microemulsions with different EMC concentrations (P1, P2, and P3) were produced. The extract and microemulsions were investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, particle size, zeta potential, thermal stress, pH, electrical conductivity, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and antibacterial analysis (Staphylococcus aureus). In summary, the proposed objective was met, and EMC, SME, and the P2 and P3 microemulsions showed positive results against S. aureus, with the P3 microemulsified system being the most effective with a 12.5 mm inhibition halo. Therefore, the product developed in this research has the potential for application on surfaces, providing antibacterial action.

Andean purple maize to produce extruded breakfast cereals: impact on techno-functional properties and sensory acceptance.

BACKGROUND: Andean purple maize (APM) is an ancient crop widely used as a natural coloring in traditional Peruvian cuisine. However, it has been little explored within the food industry. The present study assessed how APM impacts on techno-functional properties and sensory acceptance of breakfast cereals. Extruded samples formulated with 100, 75, 50, and 25% APM, and complemented with yellow corn grits (YCG), were analyzed for their techno-functional and sensory properties. RESULTS: Increases in bulk density, as well as reduction in the expantion and porosity were observated for extrudates containing ≥ 50% APM, accompanied by an increase in purple color intensity. Increase in milk absorption index, reduction in milk solubility index and decrease in cereal hardness with increase in APM were also observed. Despite this, APM extented the cereal bowl-life. High sensory scores of overall liking (6) and color (7) were obtained for extruded formulations containing ≥ 50% APM and low values for extrudates with 25% APM. Aroma, flavor, and texture scores did not present significant differences. CONCLUSION: APM is an ingredient with the potential to be used to produce breakfast cereals since it improves their techno-functional characteristics and sensory acceptance, at the same time, it leads to the production of healthy, nutritious, and sustainable food. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Supplementation With Spirulina platensis Improves Tracheal Reactivity in Wistar Rats by Modulating Inflammation and Oxidative Stress.

Spirulina platensis has shown effectiveness in the treatment of allergic rhinitis in rats, but its action in tracheal reactivity or on markers of relaxation and antioxidant profile has not yet been possible to determine. In this paper, the animals were divided into the groups healthy (SG) and supplemented with S. platensis at doses of 50 (SG50), 150 (SG150), and 500 mg/kg (SG500). We also evaluated nitrite levels, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant activity through biochemical analysis. For contractile reactivity, only SG500 (pEC50 = 5.2 ± 0.06 showed reduction in carbachol contractile potency. Indomethacin caused a higher contractile response to carbachol in SG150 and SG500. For relaxation, curves for SG150 (pEC50 = 5.0 ± 0.05) and SG500 (pEC50 = 7:3 ± 0:02) were shifted to the left, more so in SG500. We observed an increase in nitrite in the trachea only with supplementation of 500 mg/kg (54.0 ± 8.0 µM), also when compared to SG50 (37.0 ± 10.0 µM) and SG150 (38.0 ± 7.0 µM). We observed a decrease in lipid peroxidation in the plasma and an increase in oxidation inhibition for the trachea and lung in SG150 and SG500, suggesting enhanced antioxidant activity. S. platensis (150/500 mg/kg) decreased the contractile response and increased relaxation by increasing antioxidant activity and nitrite levels and modulating the inflammatory response.

Estudo de série de casos sobre voz e transexualidade: características acústicas de homens e mulheres trans brasileiras / Case series study on voice and transsexuality: acoustic characteristics of Brazilian trans men and women / Estudio de serie de casos sobre voz y transexualidad: características acústicas de hombres y mujeres trans brasileños

Objetivo: Descrever as características acústicas na voz de homens e mulheres trans. Método: Participaram desta pesquisa seis pessoas trans, dois homens e quatro mulheres trans, com idade superior a 18 anos. Foram utilizados o software SoundForge 10.0®, o Advanced Multi- Dimensional Voice Programm (MDVP-Adv) para extração das medidas da análise acústica computadorizada e o programa Analysis Synthesis Laboratory (Computerized Speech Lab - Kay Pentax®) para análise do filtro vocal. Resultados: Os valores dos formantes se mostraram menores quando comparados à literatura nacional e internacional. As medidas de f0 apresentaram valores abaixo do esperado ao gênero feminino e aumentados ao gênero masculino. Quanto às medidas de frequência fundamental máxima (fhi) e mínima (flo), os resultados apresentaram uma grande variabilidade, sugerindo instabilidade fonatória. Os resultados de jitter e shimmer e os parâmetros relacionados ao ruído, como o Índice de turbulência vocal (VTI) e Índice de fonação suave (SPI) mostraram-se incongruentes quando relacionados aos parâmetros de normalidade. A medida de ruído/harmônico NHR se mostrou maior que os valores de normalidade, sugerindo presença de ruído ou rouquidão durante a emissão. As medidas de tremor vocal (Fatr e Ftri) apresentaram distribuição anormal quando comparadas à literatura. Não foi possível observar relação nas análises das características acústicas entre os valores de referência e as pessoas participantes desta pesquisa. Conclusão: As medidas acústicas de vozes de homens e mulheres trans apresentam análises diferentes quando comparados à literatura, evidenciando fragilidade dos programas de análise vocal acústica que não contemplam a heterogeneidade cultural e as variadas identidades de gênero.

Objective: To describe the acoustic characteristics in the voice of trans men and women. Method: Six trans subjects, two men and four trans women, aged over 18 years participated in this study. The SoundForge 10.0® software was used to edit and select the vowel /a/, the Advanced Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP-Adv) for extraction of measurements from computerized acoustic analysis, and the Analysis Synthesis Laboratory program (Computerized Speech Lab - Kay Pentax®) for analysis of the vocal filter. Results: Formant values were lower when compared to national and international literature. The measures of f0 presented values below that expected for the female gender and increased to the male gender. Regarding the measures of the highest fundamental frequency (fhi) and the lowest (flo), the results showed great variability, suggesting phonatory instability. The results of jitter and shimmer and noise-related parameters, such as Voice Turbulence Index (VTI) and Soft Phonation Index (SPI), were incongruent when related to normality parameters. The noise / harmonic NHR measurement showed to be higher than the normal values, suggesting the presence of noise or hoarseness during the emission. Measurements of vocal tremor (Fatr and Ftri), presented an abnormal distribution when compared to the literature. It was not possible to observe relations in the analysis of the acoustic characteristics between the reference values and the people participating in this research. Conclusion: The acoustic measures of voices of trans people present different analysis when compared to the literature, evidencing the fragility of acoustic vocal analysis programs that do not contemplate the cultural heterogeneity and the varied gender identities.

Objetivo: describir las características acústicas en la voz de hombres y mujeres trans. Metodos: Seis personas trans, dos hombres y cuatro mujeres trans, mayores de 18 años participaron en esta investigación. El software SoundForge 10.0®, Programa de voz multidimensional avanzado (MDVP-Adv) se utilizaron para extraer las mediciones del análisis acústico computarizado y el programa del Laboratorio de síntesis de análisis (Laboratorio de habla computarizada - Kay Pentax®) para analizar el filtro vocal. Resultados: Los valores de los formantes demostraron ser más bajos en comparación con la literatura nacional e internacional. Las mediciones de f0 mostraron valores inferiores al esperado para el género femenino y aumentaron para el género masculino. En cuanto a las medidas de frecuencia fundamental máxima (fhi) y mínima (flo), los resultados mostraron una gran variabilidad, lo que sugiere inestabilidad fonatoria. Los resultados de jitter y shimmer y los parámetros relacionados con el ruido, como el índice de turbulencia vocal (VTI) y el índice de fonación suave (SPI) fueron incongruentes cuando se relacionaron con los parámetros de normalidad. La medida de ruido / armónicos NHR fue más alta que los valores normales, lo que sugiere la presencia de ruido o ronquera durante la emisión. Las mediciones del temblor vocal (Fatr y Ftri) mostraron una distribución anormal en comparación con la literatura. No fue posible observar una relación en el análisis de las características acústicas entre los valores de referencia y las personas que participan en esta investigación. Conclusión: Las medidas acústicas de las voces de las personas trans presentan diferentes análisis en comparación con la literatura, mostrando la fragilidad de los programas de análisis acústico vocal que no contemplan la heterogeneidad cultural y las diferentes identidades de género.

Food consumption of branched chain amino acids and insulin resistance: A systematic review of observational studies in humans.

This review systematically investigated observational studies in humans that evaluated the dietary intake of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and its association with insulin resistance. A search implemented through the electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The evaluation of insulin resistance or the risk of developing insulin resistance in humans were the variables of interest in the search for articles. After using the selection criteria, three studies included in this review. The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was the instrument used to evaluate the diet in all of the selected studies. Overall, 1940 studies identified and three thoroughly reviewed. We found only one study with positive effects of BCAA on insulin resistance; the other two reviewed studies did not demonstrate positive effects of the dietary intake of BCAA, individually or the sum of three amino acids on variables of interest. In this sense, the associations between BCAA and insulin resistance are inconsistent, potentially due to other longitudinal outcomes.

Spirulina platensis prevents oxidative stress and inflammation promoted by strength training in rats: dose-response relation study.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Spirulina Platensis supplementation on selected blood markers of oxidative stress, muscle damage, inflammation, and performance in trained rats. Rats (250 g - 300 g) were submitted to a strength training program (eight weeks), divided into four groups: control (GT) (trained without supplementation), trained with daily-supplementation of 50 mg/kg (GT50), 150 mg/kg (GT150) and 500 mg/kg (GT500). Training consisted of a jump protocol in PVC-cylinder containing water, with increasing load over experimental weeks. We evaluated the markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde - MDA and antioxidant capacity) and inflammation (C-reactive protein) at the end of the training. Among groups submitted to strength training, concentration of C-reactive protein decreased after 8 weeks of intervention in the trained group and GT500. Strength training enhanced plasma MDA concentration of malondialdehyde with supplementation of S. platensis in GT150 and GT500. In plasma analysis, strength training enhanced the percentage of oxidation inhibition, with spirulina supplementation in rates of 150 and 500 mg/kg. Spirulina supplementation for 8 weeks (in a dose-effect manner) improved antioxidant capacity as well as attenuated exercise-induced increases in ROS and inflammation. As a practical application, the use as high doses did not cause a reduction in positive physiological adaptations to exercise training. Additional studies are necessary to test the application of Spirulina Platensis in other contexts, as collective sports (basketball, football, soccer).

Videogames ativos e não ativos fisicamente causam benefícios cardiovasculares durante e após a prática? / Do active and non-active videogames promote cardiovascular benefits during and after practice?

O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar na literatura os efeitos proporcionados pelos videogames (ativos e inativos) nos aspectos cardiovasculares (pressão arterial, frequência cardíaca e duplo produto). A revisão sistemática foi realizada com estudos que analisaram as respostas cardiovasculares durante e após a prática de videogames ativos e inativos. Buscas realizadas por dois pesquisadores de forma independente nas bases de dados eletrônicas Pubmed, Scielo, Bireme (Medline). Diante disso, 375 estudos foram analisados, após os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 15 artigos restaram, e 13 foram selecionados. Verificou-se que os videogames ativos proporcionaram maiores aumentos de FC e PA durante as sessões comparados com videogame inativo. Após as sessões com videogames ativos tais variáveis apresentaram redução comparado ao repouso de forma aguda e crônica. Ambos os videogames promovem alterações cardiovasculares agudas. Contudo, apenas os ativos alcançam intensidades moderadas a vigorosas provocando benefício cardiovascular hipotensor pós sessão. Sugere-se a troca do tempo de tela em jogos inativos por videogames ativos.

A review of the literature was undertaken to evaluate effects by videogames (active and non-active) on cardiovascular factors (arterial pressure, heat beats and double product) through studies that analyzed cardiovascular responses during and after active or non-active videogame practices. Search by two independent researchers in electronic databases Pubmed, Scielo, Bireme (Medline) revealed 375 studies. The application of inclusion and exclusion criteria resulted in 13 articles. Active videogames provides increase in HB and AP during sessions when compared to non-active videogames. After active videogame sessions, variables were reduced accordingly, when compared to acute and chronic rest. Both videogames cause acute cardiovascular changes. However, only active videogames reached moderate to vigorous intensities causing post-session hypotension cardiovascular benefits. Change of time between non-active and active videogames is recommended.

Spirulina Platensis Supplementation Coupled to Strength Exercise Improves Redox Balance and Reduces Intestinal Contractile Reactivity in Rat Ileum.

The blue alga Spirulina platensis has presented several pharmacological activities, highlighting its actions as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. In addition, there are few studies with the influence of strength training on physiological parameters, as intestinal contractility and oxidative cell damage. We evaluated the influence of S. platensis supplementation, strength training, and its association on contractile reactivity of rat ileum, as well as the balance of oxidative stress/antioxidant defenses. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into; sedentary (S); S + supplemented with algae at 50 (S50), 150 (S150), and 500 mg/kg (S500); trained (T); and T + supplemented (T50, T150, and T500). Contractile reactivity was analyzed by kymographs; oxidative stress on ileum by the malondialdehyde (MDA) formation; and the antioxidant capacity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. S. platensis supplementation reduced the reactivity of rat ileum to carbachol (CCh) and KCl, while training reduced only the CCh efficacy. In addition, association potentiated the reduction on contractile reactivity. Supplementation reduced the oxidative stress and increased oxidation inhibition; training alone did not alter this parameter, however association potentiated this beneficial effect. Therefore, this study demonstrated that both supplementation and its association with strength training promote beneficial effects regarding intestinal contractile reactivity and oxidative stress, providing new insights for intestinal disorders management.

Supplementation with Spirulina platensis Modulates Aortic Vascular Reactivity through Nitric Oxide and Antioxidant Activity.

The possible mechanism is involved in the effects of Spirulina platensis on vascular reactivity. Animals were divided into sedentary group (SG) and sedentary groups supplemented with S. platensis at doses of 50 (SG50), 150 (SG150), and 500 mg/kg (SG500). To evaluate reactivity, cumulative concentration-response curves were constructed for phenylephrine and acetylcholine. To evaluate the involvement of the nitric oxide (NO) pathway, aorta tissue was preincubated with L-NAME and a new curve was then obtained for phenylephrine. Biochemical analyses were performed to evaluate nitrite levels, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant activity. To contractile reactivity, only SG500 (pD2 = 5.6 ± 0.04 vs. 6.1 ± 0.06, 6.2 ± 0.02, and 6.2 ± 0.04) showed reduction in phenylephrine contractile potency. L-NAME caused a higher contractile response to phenylephrine in SG150 and SG500. To relaxation, curves for SG150 (pD2 = 7.0 ± 0.08 vs. 6.4 ± 0.06) and SG500 (pD2 = 7.3 ± 0.02 vs. 6.4 ± 0.06) were shifted to the left, more so in SG500. Nitrite was increased in SG150 and SG500. Lipid peroxidation was reduced, and oxidation inhibition was increased in all supplemented groups, indicating enhanced antioxidant activity. Chronic supplementation with S. platensis (150/500 mg/kg) caused a decrease in contractile response and increase in relaxation and nitrite levels, indicating greater NO production, due to decreased oxidative stress and increased antioxidant activity.

Uso de drogas em adolescentes participantes do projeto segundo tempo em João Pessoa-PB: importância do esporte e da família / Use of drugs in adolescents participating in the "programa segundo tempo" in João Pessoa-PB: importance of sport and family

O Programa Segundo Tempo é um programa do Governo Federal que busca democratizar o acesso à prática e à cultura do esporte. Além de ser um instrumento de inclusão social e formação cidadã, o esporte proporciona uma melhor compreensão do corpo. Assim, o esporte pode ser um importante instrumento para tratamento e prevenção do uso de drogas. Nesta perspectiva, este estudo analisou a prevalência do uso de drogas ilícitas em participantes do Programa Segundo Tempo da cidade de João Pessoa-PB e fatores socioeconômicos e do contexto familiar associados. Em um estudo transversal, 62 adolescentes, com idade entre 12 e 16 anos e frequência de 3x/semana nas atividades, responderam um questionário sobre informações pessoais, socioeconômicas e culturais, além de questões objetivas relacionadas ao tema do estudo. Os resultados apontaram que 35,0% dos adolescentes usavam algum tipo de droga ilícita. O uso de drogas guardou relação significante com a prática de esporte no tempo livre, estado civil dos pais e parente que reside (P<0,05). A prática esportiva ocupou o maior tempo livre dos adolescentes em relação a outras atividades. O uso de drogas ilícitas por adolescentes parece estar mais relacionado às variáveis do contexto familiar e, mais discretamente, relacionado à atividade realizada no tempo livre. Além de suporte familiar, é preciso dialogar dentro dos projetos sociais e desenvolver trabalhos multidisciplinares para elaboração de intervenções com intuito de proporcionar menor exposição e vulnerabilidade ao uso de drogas por adolescentes....(AU)

The "Programa Segundo Tempo" is a program of the Federal Government that seeks to democratize access to sport, through a partnership with the Secretariats of Sports and Leisure. In addition to being an instrument of social inclusion and citizen training, sport provides a better understanding of the body. Thus, sport can be an important tool for treatment and prevention of drug use. In this perspective, this this study analyzed the prevalence of illicit drug use among participants of the Programa Segundo Tempo of João Pessoa-PB city and associated socioeconomic and family context factors. In a crosssectional study, 62 adolescents, aged between 12 and 16 years and at a frequency of 3x/week in the activities, answered a questionnaire about personal, socioeconomic and cultural information, as well as objective questions related to the aims of the study. Results showed 35.0% of adolescents used some type of illicit drug. Drug use had a significant relationship with free time sports, marital status of parents and relatives living with the adolescent (P<0.05). Sports practice occupied the greatest free time for adolescents compared to other activities. Use of illicit drugs seems to be more related to variables of the family context and, more discreetly, related to the activity performed in the free time of adolescents. In addition to family support, it is necessary to dialogue within social projects and to develop multidisciplinary work to elaborate interventions with the purpose of providing less exposure and vulnerability to the use of drugs by adolescents....(AU)

Formação de professores de Educação Física em ação: reflexos da formação inicial / Formation of teachers of Physical Education in action: reflexes of the initial formation / La formación de profesores de Educación Física en la acción: los reflejos de la formación inicial

O objetivo foi evidenciar as percepções dos professores de EF formados pela UFPI acerca dos conhecimentos adquiridos na formação inicial. O estudo de abordagem qualitativa, com objetivo descritivo e utilizou entrevista estruturada aplicada a 55 professores. A interpretação foi via técnica de Elaboração de US. Os resultados indicaram que 83,64% dos professores apontaram que os conhecimentos no campo da saúde foram pouco explorados.70,91% revelaram que os conhecimentos no campo da educação também foram pouco explorados. Já 67,27% evidenciaram que os conhecimentos e habilidades específicas valorizavam principalmente o saber-fazer. Evidenciamos que houve fragilidades relacionadas aos conhecimentos adquiridos, quando comparados com o objetivo de cada núcleo pesquisado no PPC.

The objective was to evidence the teachers' of EF perceptions formed by UFPI concerning the acquired knowledge in the initial formation. The study of qualitative approach, with descriptive objective and it used interview structured applied to 55 teachers. The interpretation was technical road of Elaboration of US. The results indicated that 83,64% of the teachers appeared that the knowledge in the field of the health were little explored.70,91% revealed that the knowledge in the field of the education were also little explored. Already 67,27% evidenced that the knowledge and specific abilities valued mainly know-doing. We evidenced that there were fragilities related to the acquired knowledge, when compared with the objective of each nucleus researched in PPC.

El objetivo fue demostrar el de los profesores de las impresión de EF constituidas por UFPI con respecto a los conocimientos adquiridos en la formación inicial. El estudio del enfoque cualitativo, con el objetivo descriptivo y él usado la entrevista estructurado era aplicable a 55 profesores. La interpretación era el camino técnica de la elaboración de US. Los resultados indicaron que 83,64 % de los profesores aparecían que los conocimientos en el campo de la salud eran poco analizado.70,91 % revelaron que los conocimientos en el campo de la educación eran también poco analizado. Ya 67,27 % demostraron que los conocimientos y las habilidades específicas valiosas principalmente sabían - haciendo. Demostramos que había fragilities relacionado con los conocimientos adquiridos, cuándo comparábamos con el objetivo de cada significado investigado en PPC.

Postexercise Hypotension Is Volume-Dependent in Hypertensives: Autonomic and Forearm Blood Responses.

de Freitas Brito, A, Brasileiro Santos, MdS, Coutinho de Oliveira, CV, and da Cruz Santos, A. Postexercise hypotension is volume-dependent in hypertensives: autonomic and forearm blood responses. J Strength Cond Res 33(1): 234-241, 2019-The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 2 sessions of resistance exercise (RE) with different volumes on postexercise hypotension (PEH), forearm blood flow (FBF), and cardiac autonomic balance (LF/HF) in hypertensive elderly woman. The study was conducted with 16 hypertensive elderly (25.7 ± 3 kg·m², 55.5 ± 3 years) subjected to 3 experimental sessions, i.e., a control session, exercise with a set (S1), and exercise with 3 sets (S3). For each session, the subjects were evaluated before and after intervention. In the preintervention period, blood pressure (BP), FBF, and LF/HF were measured after 10 minutes of rest in the supine position. Thereafter, the subjects were taken to the gym to perform their exercise sessions or remained at rest during the same period. Both S1 and S3 comprised a set of ten repetitions of 10 exercises, with an interval of 90 seconds between exercises. Subsequently, the measurements were again performed at 10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 minutes of recovery (postintervention) in the supine position. Postexercise hypotension (systolic/diastolic) was greater in S3 than in S1 (-26 ± 4/-14 ± 5 mm Hg vs. -18 ± 5/-8 ± 5 mm Hg, p ≤ 0.05). Similarly, FBF and cardiac LF/HF increased in both sessions, being more evident in S3 than in S1 (4.98 ± 0.32 vs. 4.36 ± 0.27 ml·min·100 ml, p ≤ 0.05; and LF/HF = 1.69 ± 0.225 vs. 1.37 ± 0.13 p ≤ 0.05, respectively). We conclude that a single RE session with 3 series were able to promote higher PEH in hypertensive women, and this phenomenon was accompanied by increased FBF and increased cardiac autonomic activity.

Aortic Response to Strength Training and Spirulina platensis Dependent on Nitric Oxide and Antioxidants.

Studies have shown that supplementation with Spirulina platensis improves vascular reactivity. However, it is unclear whether in association with strength training this effect can be enhanced. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effects of strength training and S. platensis on the reactivity of the aorta from Wistar rat and the possible mechanisms involved. The animals were supplemented with S. platensis and divided into sedentary (SG, SG50, SG150, and SG500) and trained groups (TG, TG50, TG150, and TG500). Nitrite, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant activity were determined by biochemical assays. To evaluate vascular response, cumulative concentration-response curves to phenylephrine (PHE) and acetylcholine (ACh) were constructed. L-NAME was used to assess the participation of nitric oxide (NO). It was observed that the PHE contractile potency was reduced in TG50, TG150, and TG500 groups compared to SG50, SG150, and SG500 groups, respectively. However, the presence of L-NAME increased the contractile response in all groups. Strength training potentiated the increase in relaxing activity induced by S. platensis, where the pCE50 values of ACh increased in TG150 and TG500. These responses were accompanied by increased nitrite production, MDA reduction and increased antioxidant activity in the aorta of both TG150 and TG500 groups. Thus, the present study demonstrated that combined with strength training, S. platensis potentiates vascular improvement through the participation of NO and reduction of oxidative stress.

Formação profissional em educação física: o perfil dos egressos da UFPI no século XXI / Professional formation in physical education: the profi le of UFPI graduates in the 21st century

O objetivo deste estudo foi traçar o perfil dos egressos do Curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física da UFPI, o qual se apresenta dentro de uma abordagem quantitativa, com objetivo descritivo do tipo transversal. Utilizou-se como instrumento um questionário adaptado de Medeiros e Gonçalves (2009) contendo 12 questões fechadas para uma amostra composta por 100 egressos. Os resultados indicaram que 83% dos egressos são do sexo masculino, com idade entre 26 a 30 anos (40%). Quanto aos aspectos profissionais: 74% dos egressos são fi liados ao CREF, 59% atuam como autônomos; 40% trabalhando na área Educação Física escolar em torno de 8 horas (42%) por dia, ganham salários entre R$ 2.001,00 a 3.000,00 (39%), demonstrando-se satisfeitos (41%) com sua área de atuação. Percebe-se que o perfi l dos egressos do curso de EF da UFPI não se difere tanto dos perfi s encontrados na literatura, demonstrando que há similaridades entre a formação desta com outras instituições no Brasil....(AU)

The objective of this study was to draw the profi le of the graduates of the course of Degree in Physical education of UFPI, which comes inside of a quantitative approach, with descriptive objective of the traverse type. It was used as instrument an adapted questionnaire of Medeiros and Gonçalves (2009) containing 14 closed subjects for a sample composed by 100 graduates. The results indicated that 83% of the graduates are male, with age among 26 to 30 years (40%). As for the professional aspects: 74% of the graduates are affi liated CREF, 59% act as autônomos,40% they work in the area of the school Physical education around 8 hours (42%) a day, earning wages R$ 2.001,00 the 3.000,00 (39%), being demonstrated satisfi ed (41%) with his/her area of performance. It is noticed that the profi le of the graduates of the course of PE of UFPI, so much of the profi les is not diff ered found in the literature, demonstrating that there are similarities enters with professionals formed by other institutions in Brazil....(AU)

Active videogames promotes cardiovascular benefits in young adults? Randomized controlled trial / Videogames ativos promovem benefícios cardiovasculares em adultos jovens? Ensaio clínico randomizado / ¿Los videojuegos activos promueven beneficios cardiovasculares en adultos jóvenes? Ensayo clínico de distribución aleatoria

Abstract Objectives To investigate how quickly active video games, structured and unstructured, provide changes in hemodynamic variables in young adults during a 6-week intervention. Method Twenty participants after baseline assessments, participants were randomized: structured active videogame (n = 6), unstructured active videogame (n = 7) and a control group (n = 7). Participants played their respective active videogame 3 times a week for 6-weeks (30 min-session). Results Structured active videogame in exactly 6 weeks shown improvements reducing the heart rate (heart rate; 14% of variation; p < 0.05). Otherwise, not confirmed to both active videogame interventions in systolic blood pressure but maintain the diastolic blood pressure during these 6 weeks (systolic blood pressure-unstructured: −2% and Structured: 11%; diastolic blood pressure-unstructured: 0% and structured: 0%; p > 0.05). Conclusions The 6-week training program with active videogame reduced the heart rate (structured - 6th week). However, active videogames generally do not promoted benefits for normotensive young adults.

Resumo Objetivos Investigar o quão rápido os videogames ativos, estruturados e não estruturados, proporcionam mudanças em variáveis hemodinâmicas em adultos jovens durante uma intervenção de seis semanas. Método Foram randomizados 20 participantes após avaliações iniciais: videogame ativo estruturado (n = 6), videogame ativo não estruturado (n = 7) e um grupo controle (n = 7). Os participantes fizeram seu respectivo videogame ativo três vezes por semana durante seis semanas (30 minutos por sessão). Resultados videogame ativo estruturado em exatamente seis semanas mostrou redução da frequência cardíaca (frequência cardíaca; 14% de variação; p < 0,05). Por outro lado, não confirmou em ambas as intervenções de videogame ativo pressão arterial sistólica, porém manteve a pressão arterial diastólica durante essas seis semanas (pressão arterial sistólica não estruturada: -2% e estruturadas: 11%; pressão arterial diastólica não estruturada: 0% e estruturada: 0%; p < 0,05). Conclusão O programa de treinamento de seis semanas com videogame ativo reduziu o frequência cardíaca (estruturado seis semanas). Porém, de forma geral, os videogames ativos não promoveram benefícios em adultos jovens normotensos.

Resumen Objetivos Analizar la rapidez con la cual los videojuegos activos, estructurados y no estructurados, generan cambios en las variables hemodinámicas en adultos jóvenes durante una intervención de 6 semanas. Método Se distribuyó aleatoriamente a 20 participantes según las evaluaciones iniciales: videojuego activo estructurado (n = 6), videojuego activo no estructurado (n = 7) y grupo control (n = 7). Los participantes jugaron con sus respectivos videojuegos activos 3 veces por semana durante 6 semanas (sesiones de 30 minutos). Resultados Los videojuegos activos estructurados en exactamente 6 semanas mostraron que reducían la frecuencia cardíaca (frecuencia cardiaca; 14% de la variación; p<0,05). En cambio, no se confirmó en ambas intervenciones de videojuegos activos la presión arterial sistólica, pero se mantuvo la presión arterial diastólica durante estas 6 semanas (presión arterial sistólica en no estructurados: -2% y en estructurados: 11%; presión arterial diastólica en no estructurados: 0% y en estructurados: 0%, p>0,05). Conclusiones El programa de entrenamiento de 6 semanas con videojuegos activos redujo la frecuencia cardiaca (estructurado - sexta semana). Sin embargo, de forma general los videojuegos activos no promueven beneficios en adultos jóvenes normotensos.

Surveillance of intradomiciliary contacts of leprosy cases: perspective of the client in a hyperendemic municipality / Vigilancia de contactos intradomiciliarias de lepra: perspectiva del usuario en municipio hiper endémico / Vigilância de contatos intradomiciliares de hanseníase: perspectiva do usuário em município hiperendêmico

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize approach methods for intradomiciliary contacts (IdC) of leprosy cases resident in Northern Brazil, during 2001-2012. Method: A cross-sectional and descriptive study in the state of Rondônia. Included IdC of leprosy cases diagnosed/reported in SINAN-Ministry of Health (MS), 2001-2012. A semi-structured instrument was applied to the IdCs, with six interventions: complete dermatological examination; complete neurological examination; BCG vaccination; instructions for return to the health unit; BCG guidance; and guidance to mobilize other contacts. Results: From a total of 459 IdCs included, failure to perform the dermatological examination was reported by 191 people (41.6%) and the neurological examination, by 252 (54.9%); 138 (30.1%) did not have BCG indicated and 122 (26.6%) did not receive guidelines; 257 (56.0%) were not advised to return for a new evaluation/follow-up and 186 (40.5%) were not asked to mobilize other contacts. Conclusion: Despite the favorable indicators of IdC examination coverage in the state, the evaluation process presents patterns that indicate operational quality failures.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Caracterizar normas de abordaje de contactos intradomiciliarias(CId) de casos de lepra residentes en el Norte de Brasil, de 2001-2012. Método: Estudio transversal y descriptivo en el estado de Rondônia. Incluidos CId de casos de lepra diagnosticados/notificados en SINAN-Ministerio de Salud (MS), 2001-2012. Se aplicó instrumento semi estructurado a los CId verificándose 6 intervenciones: examen dermatológico completo; examen neurológico completo; vacunación BCG; orientación para retorno a la unidad de salud; orientación sobre BCG y orientación para movilizar otros contactos. Resultados: Fueron incluidos 459 CId. La no realización del examen dermatológico fue referida por 191 personas (41,6%) y el neurológico, por 252 (54,9%), 138(30,1%) no tuvieron la BCG indicada y 122 (26,6%) no recibieron orientaciones, 257 (56,0%) no fueron orientados a retornar para nueva evaluación/seguimiento y 186 (40,5%) no fueron orientados para movilización de otros contactos. Conclusión: A pesar de los indicadores favorables de cobertura de examen de CId en el estado, el proceso de evaluación presenta normas que indican fallos operacionales de cualidad.

RESUMO Objetivo: Caracterizar padrões de abordagem de contatos intradomiciliares (CId) de casos de hanseníase residentes no Norte do Brasil, de 2001-2012. Método: Estudo transversal e descritivo no estado de Rondônia. Incluídos CId de casos de hanseníase diagnosticados/notificados no SINAN-Ministério da Saúde (MS), 2001-2012. Aplicou-se instrumento semiestruturado aos CId verificando-se seis intervenções: exame dermatológico completo; exame neurológico completo; vacinação BCG; orientação para retorno à unidade de saúde; orientação sobre BCG e orientação para mobilizar outros contatos. Resultados: Foram incluídos 459 CId. A não realização do exame dermatológico foi referida por 191 pessoas (41,6%) e o neurológico, por 252 (54,9%); 138 (30,1%) não tiveram a BCG indicada e 122 (26,6%) não receberam orientações; 257 (56,0%) não foram orientados a retornar para nova avaliação/seguimento e 186 (40,5%) não foram orientados para mobilização de outros contatos. Conclusão: Apesar dos indicadores favoráveis de cobertura de exame de CId no estado, o processo de avaliação apresenta padrões que indicam falhas operacionais de qualidade.